Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most transformative classes of porous materialsinmaterialsscience and environmental engineering. Defined by their crystalline networks of metal nodes bridged by multidentate organiclinkers,MOFs possess unparalleled surface areas (up to 7000 m² g⁻¹), highly tuneable pore geometries, and diverse chemical functionalities.These attributes make them ideally suited for gas storage applications—including CO₂ capture, H₂ storage, and CH₄ uptake—aswellasfor the adsorptive and catalytic removal of environmental contaminants from water and air. Despite their remarkable properties,thepractical deployment of MOFs faces significant challenges: limited chemical and hydrolytic stability under real environmental conditions,scalable and cost-effective synthesis, selectivity in complex multi-pollutant matrices, and performance retentionacrossmultipleregeneration cycles. Furthermore, concerns over metal ion leaching and the toxicological profile of certain framework componentsmustbe addressed before widespread application in water treatment is feasible. This study reports the solvothermal synthesis andsystematiccharacterisation of six MOF platforms—HKUST-1, MIL-101(Cr), ZIF-8, UiO-66, MIL-53(Al/Fe), and MOF-5—and their evaluationfor(i) CO₂, CH₄, and H₂ gas uptake, (ii) adsorptive removal of heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺), organic dyes, pharmaceutical pollutants,andemerging contaminants, and (iii) advanced oxidation processes (photo-Fenton, Fenton-like, persulfate activation) for recalcitrant pollutantdegradation. Materials were characterised by PXRD, FTIR, N₂ adsorption–desorption (BET), TGA, and SEM/TEM. HKUST-1achieveda CO₂ uptake of 280 cm³ g⁻¹ at 25 bar, while MIL-101(Cr) exhibited the highest BET surface area (3780 m² g⁻¹) andsuperiordyeadsorption capacity (512.3 mg g⁻¹ for methylene blue). Fe-MIL-53 driven photo-Fenton degradation achieved 97.3%removalofbisphenol F within 60 minutes. All MOFs retained greater than 90% of their initial performance across five consecutiveregenerationcycles. The results collectively demonstrate that rationally designed MOFs can provide high-performance, multifunctional solutionsforgas storage and environmental remediation, with performance parameters that are competitive with or superior to conventional adsorbentsand catalysts. Keywords: metal–organic frameworks, gas storage, environmental remediation, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, wastewatertreatment