Abstract

Power transformers are critical assets in electrical distribution networks. Their failure due to overloading, overheating, or oil theft leads to significant financial losses and power outages. Traditional manual monitoring is inefficient and cannot prevent catastrophic failures in real-time. This paper reviews the design and implementation of an Automatic Distribution Transformer Monitoring System using the Internet of Things (IoT). The system continuously monitors key parameters such as load current, volt- age, oil temperature, oil level, and humidity. It utilizes mi- crocontrollers and wireless communication protocols (Wi- Fi, GSM, LoRa, MQTT) to transmit data to cloud plat- forms. Recent advancements in Edge Computing and Dig- ital Twins are also explored to enhance predictive maintenance capabilities