The dynamic interplay between population growth and environmental sustainability poses significant challenges, particularly in regions heavily dependent on forest resources. This study investigates the impact of population growth on forest resources in the Namkum and Mandar blocks of Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. While Namkum reflects rapid urbanization and land-use change, Mandar remains largely rural with continued dependence on forests for livelihood. Using a combination of demographic data, satellite imagery, field surveys, and interviews with local stakeholders, this research analyzes patterns of deforestation, forest degradation, and changes in land use over recent decades. Findings reveal that population pressure has led to agricultural expansion, illegal encroachments, over-extraction of resources, and heightened human-wildlife conflict, resulting in both ecological degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The study also examines the role of policies, community management initiatives, and awareness programs in mitigating these impacts. By comparing urban and rural dynamics within the same district, this research offers practical insights for policymakers, planners, and environmentalists focused on sustainable forest management and community resilience. Keywords: Population Growth, Forest Resources, Deforestation, Land-Use Change, Ranchi, Namkum, Mandar, Jharkhand, Environmental Sustainability, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Forest Management, Community Livelihoods, Urbanization, Rural Dependence