Railway accidents pose a significant threat to human lives and infrastructure, necessitating an efficient and reliable accident detection and alert system. This paper presents a GSM-based railway accident identification and alert system that provides real-time accident detection and immediate notification to relevant authorities. The system integrates microcontrollers, sensors, and a GSM module to monitor railway tracks and detect derailments or collisions. Once an accident is detected, the system automatically sends an alert message containing the accident location to emergency response teams. The proposed system reduces response time, enhances passenger safety, and minimizes the impact of railway accidents. This paper discusses the existing challenges in railway safety, details the proposed system’s architecture, and evaluates its effectiveness through experimental analysis.